Dr Faramarz Soleimani,M.D.
Two Decades of Idea and Thought 1960-1970
Loyola University,New Orleans
27March 2014
1
The intellectual,as a thinker/producer of idea and thought , is a secular human being who does not allow religious or ideological beliefs interfere with his research and judgement . according to Anatole France :Intellectuals are those educated people in the society who without any political responsibilities act for rights and benefits of society. Isaiah Berlin believes:Intellectual is a witness on a social stage.
What intellectual does is mainly seeking freedom,equality and justice, and knowledge,in general terms.
Intellectual in this discussion is a discourse by its own right who is involved with knowledge and expression, concentrating to work on these elements or tools,sometimes called paradigm.These discourses are acts as well,performed by intellectuals.They keep changing to avoid being dogma. as to remind that famous Marcel Proust eyeglasses story:If I can not read with my old eyeglasses ,I change them...Discourse comes against power, to deny tradition as sacredness of texts, for secular intellectual's texts ,always changes with his questions and skepticism
Elimination of intellectuals by intellectuals is a common practice, as negation is also criticism .
It is a good time here to remind that absence of secular thinkers in any religion oriented surveys,is giving these surveys a unidirectional view and pretense for myth making in retrospective, with lack of landscape and views for future.
Two Decades of Idea and Thought 1960-1970
Loyola University,New Orleans
27March 2014
1
The intellectual,as a thinker/producer of idea and thought , is a secular human being who does not allow religious or ideological beliefs interfere with his research and judgement . according to Anatole France :Intellectuals are those educated people in the society who without any political responsibilities act for rights and benefits of society. Isaiah Berlin believes:Intellectual is a witness on a social stage.
What intellectual does is mainly seeking freedom,equality and justice, and knowledge,in general terms.
Intellectual in this discussion is a discourse by its own right who is involved with knowledge and expression, concentrating to work on these elements or tools,sometimes called paradigm.These discourses are acts as well,performed by intellectuals.They keep changing to avoid being dogma. as to remind that famous Marcel Proust eyeglasses story:If I can not read with my old eyeglasses ,I change them...Discourse comes against power, to deny tradition as sacredness of texts, for secular intellectual's texts ,always changes with his questions and skepticism
Elimination of intellectuals by intellectuals is a common practice, as negation is also criticism .
It is a good time here to remind that absence of secular thinkers in any religion oriented surveys,is giving these surveys a unidirectional view and pretense for myth making in retrospective, with lack of landscape and views for future.
In one example of such research, one notices no mention of secular thinkers , so called intellectuals,such as these mentioned here .Those that we also try to define their ideas and thought here in short, as this unhappened happening in their minds also is called ideas and thoughts, and could not be ignored, especially in a crucial period of Iranian history during 1960-1970 ending in 1979 revolution.
Intellectual is...
روشنفکر به هنرمندان، نویسندگان،روزنامه نگاران و اساتیدی گفته می‌شود که در مقابل دین، دولت و اکثریتی که آزادی‌ها را کمرنگ و تفاوت‌ها را با فشار از میان بر می‌دارد مقاومت می‌کنند. برخی نیز بر این باروند که هر هنرمند، نویسنده، روزنامه‌نگار و استادی روشنفکر است.
Orhan Pamuk:interview with Regles de Jeu Magazine
In so called third world or suburbia,the intellectual usually is the one with university education.Some of these have prepared prescription for all problems and some are armed with criticism , that is an episthemological system to recognize and evaluate the realities.according to Shayegan if the intellectual does not pay attention to these duties becomes an ideologue and struck with politics,and that is very common in our culture and similar societies ,in them the intellectual advices:What to do !
majid majdبه نظر می رسد ارهان پاموک همانند برخی متفکراندیگر ازقبیل میشل فوکو و ادوارد سعید ، روشنفکر را در موضع هماوایی با قدرت و جذب قدرت می سنجد به ویژه آن که پاموک شهروند ترکیه مثل برخی از روشنفکران ایران از حومه های جهان می آید و در طی تاریخ به کرات شاهد این استحاله ی موضع ها و موقعیت ها بوده است...
Michel Foucault روشنفکر ماده خامی است برای داوری، صدر رای، محکوم و محروم کردن...د پیش من روشنفکران وجود ندارند...من هرگز روشنفکری را ملاقات نکرده ام. به افرادی برخورده ام که رمان می نویسند، دیگرانی که بیماران را معالجه می کنند، مردمی را ملاقات کرده ام که به فعالیتهای اقتصادی مشغولند و آنها که موسیقی الکترونیک می سازند. من کسانی را دیده ام که درس می دهند، افرادی که نقاشی می کنندو آنهاکه هرگز نفهمیدم وابعن چه کاری انجام می دهند. اما روشنفکر را هرگز !...میشل فوکو روشنفکر را ؛عجیب و غریب ؛ می خواند
Michel Foucault:Truth and power
Michel Foucault:Ethics,subjectivity and truth
Intellectual is...
روشنفکر به هنرمندان، نویسندگان،روزنامه نگاران و اساتیدی گفته می‌شود که در مقابل دین، دولت و اکثریتی که آزادی‌ها را کمرنگ و تفاوت‌ها را با فشار از میان بر می‌دارد مقاومت می‌کنند. برخی نیز بر این باروند که هر هنرمند، نویسنده، روزنامه‌نگار و استادی روشنفکر است.
Orhan Pamuk:interview with Regles de Jeu Magazine
In so called third world or suburbia,the intellectual usually is the one with university education.Some of these have prepared prescription for all problems and some are armed with criticism , that is an episthemological system to recognize and evaluate the realities.according to Shayegan if the intellectual does not pay attention to these duties becomes an ideologue and struck with politics,and that is very common in our culture and similar societies ,in them the intellectual advices:What to do !
majid majdبه نظر می رسد ارهان پاموک همانند برخی متفکراندیگر ازقبیل میشل فوکو و ادوارد سعید ، روشنفکر را در موضع هماوایی با قدرت و جذب قدرت می سنجد به ویژه آن که پاموک شهروند ترکیه مثل برخی از روشنفکران ایران از حومه های جهان می آید و در طی تاریخ به کرات شاهد این استحاله ی موضع ها و موقعیت ها بوده است...
Michel Foucault روشنفکر ماده خامی است برای داوری، صدر رای، محکوم و محروم کردن...د پیش من روشنفکران وجود ندارند...من هرگز روشنفکری را ملاقات نکرده ام. به افرادی برخورده ام که رمان می نویسند، دیگرانی که بیماران را معالجه می کنند، مردمی را ملاقات کرده ام که به فعالیتهای اقتصادی مشغولند و آنها که موسیقی الکترونیک می سازند. من کسانی را دیده ام که درس می دهند، افرادی که نقاشی می کنندو آنهاکه هرگز نفهمیدم وابعن چه کاری انجام می دهند. اما روشنفکر را هرگز !...میشل فوکو روشنفکر را ؛عجیب و غریب ؛ می خواند
Michel Foucault:Truth and power
Michel Foucault:Ethics,subjectivity and truth
jalal Al Ahmad: A writer also inspired by Seyed Jamaledin Afghani and Ahmad Fardid in his thoughts especially with his book, Westoxification/Gharbzadegi,1962, in which he also challenged pioneerintellectuals such as Mirza Malkom Khan,Mirza Agha Khan Kermani,Talebof and Fathali Akhund Zadeh.It is also reminiscent of a play by Hasan Moghadam's Mr. Jafar Came from Farang,which is dealing with European educated people returned home. Al Ahmad draws problems and contradictions accompanied with adoptation of western principle of life in a traditional society. To make matters more complicated,Al Ahmad has plenty of questions with not much of answers. This book also called West Struckness,Westitis, Occidentosis,Euromania,overall means loss of Iranian culture in favor of adopting western values.
Ahmad Fardid first coind this term and it became popular through Al Ahmad book by the same title,who described iranian behavior by this condition.There is this report that the whole book is the report of sessions organized during the shah and then published in the form of book
Ahmad Fardid first coind this term and it became popular through Al Ahmad book by the same title,who described iranian behavior by this condition.There is this report that the whole book is the report of sessions organized during the shah and then published in the form of book
The soul of this devil 'the machine' [must be] bottled up and brought out at our disposal ... people must not be at the service of machines, trapped by them, since the machine is a means not an end...
Daryush Ashuri:Ashuri is a secular thinker who works primarily on literature and language.He has been translator of some of Nietzsche's work into Farsi/PersianThese cities are just flea markets hawking European manufactured goods ... [In] no time at all instead of cities and villages we'll have heaps of dilapidated machines all over the country, all of them exactly like American 'junkyards' and every one as big as Tehran...
Ahmad Fardid: a Heidegerian thinker also considered an anarchist thinker who drew modernity and human rights as dictators .He never wrote anything but was involved frequently in private discussion or at times in the media.He believed in sacred violence through leadership ,and divided citizenship into 1st and 2nd...
Aramesh Dustdar :b.in Tehran ,Like Fardid, Aramesh Dustdar is a secular Heidegerian philosopher,contrary to Reza Davari Ardekani who is considered as a religious Heidegerian Thinker
Ramin Jahanbegloo:b.1956 in Tehran,An Iranian thinker based in Canada
Ali Mirfetrus:Poet and researcher .He has written:Zandiq on Mansur Halaj
Ehsan Naraghi:1926-2012,Writer and sociologist who worked on :brain drain,and later on wrote:"from Palace of Prison,inside the Iranian revolution
Esmail Nuriala:b.1943 Tehran,better known as poet and critic,but he started New Secularism ,
as e magazine to review secular thoughts.
as e magazine to review secular thoughts.
Dariush Shayegan: b.2 february 1935 in Tehran,a comparative philosopher and thinker,cultural theorist who worked with Henry Corbin on mysticism and mystic poetry.he also studied India and Induism ,also civilizations and global dialogue.Shayegan is under influence of Nietzsche and sometimes takes a religious status ,while trying to avoid politics.He believes a society enslaved by traditions is facing the dreams of present and future and then replaces culture by anticulture .
Is Shayegan a hybrid secular-religious thinker?
Is Shayegan a hybrid secular-religious thinker?
...
Intellectual
The term Intellectual ,like exile,postmodern,religion,nationality,border,flag and so on is a metaphor.
A metaphor +reality . Metaphor is turn and twist of meaning , in an analogy/similarity which identifies one object with the other by imagination, and brings about similarities of two unsimilar process.
By this ,intellectual is the image of self , that is not self or image of self.Like Jean Genet,Edward Said believes in political existence and nature of the intellectual.They both say : if you write or speak,you are involved in politics and so you are an intellectual.
(see Edward Said:Representations of the intellectual,The 1993 Reith Lectures,Pantheon Books,1994)
After first generation of Iranian intellectuals, writers and thinkers such as Sadegh Hedayat, Ahmad kasravi, Mohamad Ali Jamalzadeh and later Gholamhosein Saedi and Bahram Beyzaei influenced and inspired the intellectuals of 1960-1970 period.
Although intellectual could live and perform with the authority ,but he is identified only with criticism.The criticism guides intellectual toward politics,as one element of his identity,to find the problems and reminding them,but not necessarily solving them.In so called third world countries or suburbia anyone who enters universities can write or talk about society and involve in criticism and politics,so could be considered :intellectual.
intellectual as Discourse:Communication of ideas and thoughts by dialogue:words and talks. Dialogue is both cause and effect.
Intellectual as Paradigm:Model,pattern,example
Intellectual as metaphor:Turn and twist of meaning
The term Intellectual ,like exile,postmodern,religion,nationality,border,flag and so on is a metaphor.
A metaphor +reality . Metaphor is turn and twist of meaning , in an analogy/similarity which identifies one object with the other by imagination, and brings about similarities of two unsimilar process.
By this ,intellectual is the image of self , that is not self or image of self.Like Jean Genet,Edward Said believes in political existence and nature of the intellectual.They both say : if you write or speak,you are involved in politics and so you are an intellectual.
(see Edward Said:Representations of the intellectual,The 1993 Reith Lectures,Pantheon Books,1994)
After first generation of Iranian intellectuals, writers and thinkers such as Sadegh Hedayat, Ahmad kasravi, Mohamad Ali Jamalzadeh and later Gholamhosein Saedi and Bahram Beyzaei influenced and inspired the intellectuals of 1960-1970 period.
Although intellectual could live and perform with the authority ,but he is identified only with criticism.The criticism guides intellectual toward politics,as one element of his identity,to find the problems and reminding them,but not necessarily solving them.In so called third world countries or suburbia anyone who enters universities can write or talk about society and involve in criticism and politics,so could be considered :intellectual.
intellectual as Discourse:Communication of ideas and thoughts by dialogue:words and talks. Dialogue is both cause and effect.
Intellectual as Paradigm:Model,pattern,example
Intellectual as metaphor:Turn and twist of meaning
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